On the Significance of Fuzzification of the N and M in Cancer Staging
نویسندگان
چکیده
The tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system has been regarded as one of the most widely used staging systems for solid cancer. The "T" is assigned a value according to the primary tumor size, whereas the "N" and "M" are dependent on the number of regional lymph nodes and the presence of distant metastasis, respectively. The current TNM model classifies stages into five crisp classes. This is unrealistic since the drastic modification in treatment that is based on a change in one class may be based on a slight shift around the class boundary. Moreover, the system considers any tumor that has distant metastasis as stage 4, disregarding the metastatic lesion concentration and size. We had handled the problem of T staging in previous studies using fuzzy logic. In this study, we focus on the fuzzification of N and M staging for more accurate and realistic modeling which may, in turn, lead to better treatment and medical decisions.
منابع مشابه
New drug in neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer
Background: In recent years, neoadjuvant chemoradiation and subsequent surgical resection with total mesorectal excision has been shown to increase local control with decreased toxicity. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. In this study we evaluated the efficacy a cox-2 inhibitor on pathologic response, sphincter preservation and acute tox...
متن کاملاستفاده از روشهای جراحی در مرحلهبندی سرطان ریه و تاثیر آن در انتخاب نوع درمان درصد بیمار مبتلا به سرطان ریه در بیمارستان امام خمینی تبریز
Background and Objective: Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer and is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer behind prostate in men and breast cancer in women. Staging has a very important role in determination of disease extension and therefore in deciding about the kind of treatment. The aim of this study is showing the effect of surgical method in lung cancer staging and its impact ...
متن کاملCorrelation of Preoperative HE-4 and CA125 with Ovarian Cancer Staging in Ahvaz Imam Khomeni Hospital
Background: Given that ovarian cancer symptoms are nonspecific and that appropriate surgical staging and pathological grading are important for the best treatment and prognosis of patients, this study aimed to determine the correlation of preoperative serum levels of CA125 and He4 with staging and grading. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 29 patients with epithelial...
متن کاملClinical Impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT on the Management of Gynecologic Cancers: One Center Experience
Objective(s): We aim to investigate the clinical impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT in managing patients with gynecological malignancies and pelvic or extrapelvic lymph nodes that are of equivocal significance on conventional imaging.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 18F-FDG PET/CT scans of patients with gynecologic tumors who were referred to King Hussein Cancer Center from January 2010 to August 20...
متن کاملFDG PET in the management of lung cancer
We describe a patient with newly diagnosed limy cancer. Staging was performed with CT and mediastinoscopy. FDG PET scan was performed and confirmed increased metabolic activity in the primary tumor as well as the hilar lymph node. Seven months after initial presentation, the patient was found to have two lytic lesions in the pelvis on plain radiograph. Hone scan was negative but PET demon...
متن کامل